【Django-实战】Nginx+Django+uWsgi+MySQL多站点虚拟环境搭建 - Linux
时间:2015-04-07 07:04:29 作者:vaster 标签: django 编程 分类: Django 编程
1. 环境说明
Linux : rhel 5.3 nginx：nginx-1.6.2 python：2.7.9 django： 1.6.7 uwsgi： 2.0.10 注意，要预先装好编译环境必备的开发包及libxml2,python-devel,pcre-devel,mysql-devel
2. 软件下载地址
nginx http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz Python https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tgz Virtualenv https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/v/virtualenv/virtualenv-12.0.7.tar.gz#md5=e08796f79d112f3bfa6653cc10840114 Django https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.6.7/tarball uwsgi http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-2.0.10.tar.gz MySQL-python https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MySQL-python/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip#md5=654f75b302db6ed8dc5a898c625e030c
3. 软件安装
安装nginx
# yum install pcre-devel gcc openssl-devel –y # cd /usr/local/src/django-env # tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz # cd nginx-1.6.2 # sed -i -e 's/1.6.2//g' -e 's/nginx\//WS/g' -e 's/"NGINX"/"WS"/g' src/core/nginx.h # useradd webadmin # ./configure --user=webadmin --group=webadmin --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module# make && make install # make && make install
安装python
# cd /usr/local/src/django-env # tar -zxvf Python-2.7.9.tgz # cd Python-2.7.9 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7# make && make install # make && make install
安装virtualenv
# cd /usr/local/src/django-env # tar –zxvf virtualenv-12.0.7.tar.gz # cd virtualenv-12.0.7# /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python setup.py install # /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python setup.py install
构建虚拟环境
# cd /usr/local/python2.7/bin # ./virtualenv /home/webadmin/virtualenv/tools New python executable in /home/webadmin/tools/bin/pythonInstalling setuptools, pip...done. Installing setuptools, pip...done.
进入并查看虚拟环境 进入虚拟环境在虚拟环境(长前缀的都表示在虚拟环境中的操作)，默认会安装好easy_install这类工具
# source /home/webadmin/virtualenv/tools/bin/activate (退出执行命令 deactivate) (tools)[root@tools bin]# (tools)[root@tools bin]# python -VPython 2.7.9 Python 2.7.9
安装Django-1.5.4
(tools)[root@tools ~]# cd /usr/local/src/django-env/ (tools)[root@tools django-env]# tar -zxvf Django-1.5.4.tar.gz (tools)[root@tools django-env]# cd Django-1.6.7(tools)[root@tools Django-1.6.7]# python setup.py install (tools)[root@tools Django-1.6.7]# python setup.py install
安装uwsgi
(tools)[root@tools ~]# cd /usr/local/src/django-env/ (tools)[root@tools django-env]# tar -zxvf uwsgi-2.0.10.tar.gz (tools)[root@tools django-env]# cd uwsgi-2.0.10 (tools)[root@tools uwsgi-2.0.10]# python uwsgiconfig.py --build(tools)[root@tools uwsgi-2.0.10]# python setup.py install (tools)[root@tools uwsgi-2.0.10]# python setup.py install
安装mysql-python
(tools)[root@tools ~]# cd /usr/local/src/django-env/ (tools)[root@tools django-env]# unzip MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (tools)[root@tools django-env]# cd MySQL-python-1.2.5(tools)[root@tools MySQL-python-1.2.5]# python setup.py install (tools)[root@tools MySQL-python-1.2.5]# python setup.py install
注意事项： 如果系统没有安装mysql-devel包，在安装MySQL-python的时候会报如下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "setup.py", line 16, in <module>
metadata, options = get_config()
File "/root/lzh/MySQL-python-1.2.2/setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config
libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
File "/root/lzh/MySQL-python-1.2.2/setup_posix.py", line 24, in mysql_config
raise EnvironmentError, "%s not found" % mysql_config.pathEnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
4. 软件配置
配置django项目 部署代码
(tools)[root@tools ~]# mkdir /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/ -p (tools)[root@tools tools]# unzip tools.zip (tools)[root@tools tools]# lsdmc logs manage.py plugins src static templates tools tools.zip dmc logs manage.py plugins src static templates tools tools.zip
在tools的项目配置文件目录（即setting.py所在目录），检查文件wsgi.py
(tools)[root@tools tools]# cd tools
(tools)[root@tools tools]# cat wsgi.py
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "tools.settings")
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_applicationapplication = get_wsgi_application()
application = get_wsgi_application()
同级目录下，创建uwsgi的启动参数的xml文件(wsgi.xml)
<uwsgi> <socket>127.0.0.1:9090</socket> <listen>20</listen> <master>true</master> <pidfile>/home/webadmin/logs/tools/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid</pidfile> <processes>4</processes> <module>wsgi</module>#就是上面那个wsgi.py文件<pythonpath>/home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/tools</pythonpath> <pythonpath>/home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/tools</pythonpath>
建立项目的路径(此项需要注意，在虚拟环境中需要配置到wsgi所在目录；在非虚拟环境中，只需要配置到项目目录即可)
<profiler>true</profiler> <memory-report>true</memory-report> <enable-threads>true</enable-threads> <logdate>true</logdate> <limit-as>6048</limit-as> <daemonize>/home/webadmin/logs/tools/uwsgi/tools.log</daemonize></uwsgi> </uwsgi>
配置nginx
location /{
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090;
}
#静态文件的处理(如果django中有处理静态文件的了，就可以不要这个了；一般建议将静态文件交给nginx处理好些)
location /static/ {
alias /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/static/;
expires 30d;
break;
}
#配置django admin需要的文件
location ~* ^/media/(css|img|js)/.*$ {
root /usr/local/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin;
expires 30d;
break;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(mpg|avi|mp3|swf|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|rtf|mpeg)$ {
access_log off;
break;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|bmp|js)$ {
expires 30d;
break;}
}
检查和修正目录权限
(tools)[root@tools webadmin]# chown webadmin:webadmin /home/webadmin/ -R
5. 启动服务
(tools)[webadmin@tools ~]$ uwsgi -x /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/tools/wsgi.xml# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin
6. 多站点部署
重复从构建虚拟环境开始的步骤~然后在虚拟环境中安装好要运行的实际环境，并启动服务即可 配置nginx的虚拟主机即可
7. 故障检查思路
查看的日志包括（nginx日志[Nginx配置文件中定义]，uwsgi日志[xml文件中定义]） 查看uwsgi日志的主要原因是看uwsgi是否正常接管了nginx下发的请求任务 uwsgi日志可查看django执行错误信息，也可在开发中通过print 打印调试 nginx错误日志/访问日志查看 两种日志区别在于，前者针对代码程序级的错误，后者针对网络访问级的错误
8. 一些建议
有时候使用killall uwsgi时不能将uwsgi干掉，你可以uwsgi -s reload的方式重启uwsgi或kill -HUP cat /pathto/uwsgi.pid
uWSG配置文件的进程数，可以根据实际情况分配。不要开得太大，否则机器可能会内存耗用太高。一般来说，对于一个小社区来说，4个进程已经足够了。
一般情况下，可以编写一下 stop.sh 脚本 来关闭uWSGI。
有了uWSGI为什么还需要nginx？nginx具备优秀的静态内容处理能力，然后将动态内容转发给uWSGI服务器，这样可以达到很好的客户端响应。
9. 注意事项
日志里面报类似于“Mon Mar 23 10:26:49 2015 - --- no python application found, check your startup logs for errors ---”这类错误时，需要好好检查一下xml文件 这个文件里面行尾不能有空格，参数左右也不能有空格，这个问题坑了我一晚上！！！ 日志里面报类似于”ImportError: No module named wsgi”这类错误，需要检查一下你的xml文件的pythonpath选项 在虚拟环境下，需要配置到uwsgi所在目录（非虚拟环境下，只需要配置到项目所在路径即可）
10. 备注
启动时，正常的日志： Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - Starting uWSGI 2.0.10 (64bit) on [Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015] Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - compiled with version: 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-44) on 22 March 2015 22:08:54 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - os: Linux-2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:39 EDT 2010 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - nodename: tools.cyou.com Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - machine: x86_64 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - clock source: unix Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - pcre jit disabled Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - detected number of CPU cores: 16 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - current working directory: /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - writing pidfile to /home/webadmin/logs/tools/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - detected binary path: /home/webadmin/virtualenv/tools/bin/uwsgi Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - your processes number limit is 268288 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - limiting address space of processes... Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - your process address space limit is 6341787648 bytes (6048 MB) Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - your memory page size is 4096 bytes Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - detected max file descriptor number: 1024 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - lock engine: pthread robust mutexes Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock) Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:9090 fd 3 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - Python version: 2.7.9 (default, Mar 23 2015, 10:40:10) [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-44)] Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - Python main interpreter initialized at 0x161c5580 Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - python threads support enabled Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - your server socket listen backlog is limited to 20 connections Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - mapped 363840 bytes (355 KB) for 4 cores Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - Operational MODE: preforking Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - added /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/tools/ to pythonpath. Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x161c5580 pid: 24588 (default app) Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 24588) Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 24599, cores: 1) Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 24600, cores: 1) Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 24601, cores: 1) Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 - spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 24602, cores: 1)